Proof-of-Stake (PoS) has gained huge traction in the past years due to its energy-saving advantage compared to the older Proof-of-Work mechanism. By its" plutocratic" nature, it requires a more intricate economic design to ensure its resilience and safety. In this paper, we establish a generalizable, transferable PoS framework that encompasses the interactions and relationships between protocol reserves, treasury, reward pot and transaction fees and staking rewards. With appropriate specifications and configurations, we are able to apply the model to two major PoS protocols: Hedera and Cardano. The dynamic model can inform us of protocol trajectories, including the evolution of the treasury and reserve balances as well as the level of decentralization. Our framework serves as a handbook to investigate the staking behaviors and reward dynamics with the concomitant effects on the crypto economics of various PoS-based systems.
